The Cooperation between China and Ukraine in Space Exploration: Genesis and Development -

Article

Open Access

by Bo Ma¹ and Larysa Soroka²
¹ Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology (Maoming, China)
² Scientific Institute of Public Law (Kyiv, Ukraine)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29202/asl/2020/5/6
Received: March 01, 2020 / Accepted: April 07, 2020 / Published: May 1, 2020

View Full-Text Review Reports Cite This Paper

Abstract

Mainly, the studies of China-Ukraine relations have focused on topics such as trade agreements, commodity exports, investment, migration, and geopolitical implications for the post-Cold War world order. The issue of space cooperation has been almost completely absent in the studies of ChinaUkraine cooperation, despite the central importance of space technology for many spheres of life, which have stimulated research and political participation since the beginning of the millennium. Bilateral cooperation on space exploration between China and Ukraine began in 1992 and has already celebrated its twentieth anniversary. This cooperation is an important determinant of what is considered “new” or “modern” geography of China-Ukraine cooperation. In this article, the study of collections, legal documents, and interviews enables to analyze the strategies of cooperation between China and Ukraine in space briefly.

Keywords: bilateral relations, space programs, White Paper, space exploration, cooperation, law.

References

A/RES/51/122 (1997) Resolution adopted by The General Assembly [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/51/590)]. Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking into Particular Account the Needs of Developing Countries. Available online: https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/51/122

An Act Making consolidated appropriations for the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Justice, Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2012, and for other purposes (2011) PUBLIC LAW 112-55-NOV. 18, 2011. Available online: https://www.congress.gov/112/plaws/publ55/PLAW112publ55.pdf

Badrak, V., Zhurets’, S., Bohdanov, D., Kopchak, V., Nabochenko, O., and Yarovyy, A. (2009) Ukrayina — Kytay: vid proektiv do stratehichnoho partnerstva. Kyiv: Tsentr doslidzhen’, armiyi, konversiyi i rozzbroyennya.

Chen, Yanping (2016) China’s space policy-a historical review. Space Policy, Volume 37, Part 3: 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2016.12.001

China Calls on all Interested Parties to Make Efforts to Political Settlement of the Crisis in Ukraine — the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China (2014) Russian.people.cn. Available online: http://russian.people.com.cn/31521/8568055.html

China has promised not to use nuclear weapons against Ukraine (2010) TSN. Ukraine. Available online: https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/kitay-poobicyav-ne-zastosovuvati-yadernu-zbroyu-proti-ukrayini.html

Conception of implementation of the state policy in the field of space activities for the period up to 2032 was approved by order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of March 30 2011, 238-R (2011) Available online: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/238-2011-%D1%80

Driga, Sergiy (2017) The Innocide is a substitute for international politics. Problems and prospects for the development of innovative activities in Ukraine. KNTEU. Available online: https://knute.edu.ua/file/MzEyMQ==/7ae27cf3ff4a4d4b3ee985f220617e75.pdf

Ebeling, Petra (2016) China’s space program: How cooperation between China and Europechanges as China’s space program advances. East Asian Studies, Leiden University. Available online: https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/41982/Thesis%20Chinas%20Space%20Program%20-%2009-08-2016.pdf?sequence=1

Foreign Ministry Spokesman Qin Gang answered a journalist’s question regarding the situation in Ukraine (2014) Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People’s Republic of China. Available online: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/rus/xwfw/fyrth/fyrbthdhdw/t1133559.shtml

Goncharuk, A., Gobova, E., Kiktenko, V., Koval, O., and Koshoviy, S. (2016) AUDIT OFFOREIGN POLICY: UKRAINE-CHINA. DISCOUNT NOTE. Institute of Politics. Available online: http://sinologist.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Audyt-zovnishnoi-polityky_Ukr_Kytay-_ukr_inet.pdf

Hung, Zhang (2017) The One Belt, One Way initiative: the risks of counteracting China-Ukraine cooperation and counteracting them. Ukraine-China, Vol. 3 (9). Available online: http://sinologist.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ukraine-china-3-9-17.pdf

Joint Projects in Science Will Allow Ukraine and Chana to Come on New High-Tech Manufacturing (2018) Center for Contemporary China “THINK LINK”. Available online: http://www.tianxia.link/uk/article/7409-spil-ni-proiekti-v-nautsi-dozvoliat-ukrayini-i-kitaiu-viitina-stvoriennia-novikh-visokotiekhnologhichnikh-virobnitstv

Kaku, Michio (2020) Official Website. Available online: https://mkaku.org/home/

Kuznetsov, Yevhen (2018) Dvadtsyat’ rokiv pislya nevahomosti, abo Trudnoshchi zemnohotyazhinnya. Pam’yati pershoho kosmonavta nezalezhnoyi Ukrayiny Leonida Kadenyuka. ZN,UA. Available online: https://dt.ua/personalities/dvadcyat-rokiv-pislya-nevagomostiabo-trudnoschi-zemnogo-tyazhinnya-271423_.html

Long, Jie (2016) China’s space station project and international cooperation: Potential models of jurisdiction and selected legal issues. Space Policy, Volume 36: 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2016.05.002

Meng, Hin (2017) Ukrainian-Chinese relations at the end of 20th — beginning of the 21st century. Kyiv Slavic University.

Natalushka, Anna (2017) Legal Aspects of Ukrainian-Chinese Relations. Ukraine-China, Vol. 3 (9). Available online: http://sinologist.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ukraine-china-3-9-17.pdf

On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine on State Regulation of Space Activity (2019) Law of Ukraine of 02.10.2019, 143-IX. Available online: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/143-20

On Approval of the Concept of the National Target Scientific and Technical Space Program of Ukraine for 2018-2022 (2018) Ordinance of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of September 5, 629-p. Available online: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/629-2018-%D1%80

On Space Activities. (2015) Law of Ukraine Revision of 28.12.2015. 122/96-BP. Available online: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/502/96-%D0%B2%D1%80

Soroka, Larysa (2019) Public Regulation of Space Activities in Ukraine. Advanced Space Law, Volume 4, 68-79. https://doi.org/10.29202/asl/2019/4/7

Speech by President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping at the Opening Ceremony of the First China International Import Expo (2019) Available online: http://ua.china-embassy.org/rus/xwdt/t1627053.htm

Ukraine — China — 25 years of cooperation: results and prospects. One Belt, One Way (2018) Scientific editor Oliynyk Oleh. State Institution “Institute of World History of NAS of Ukraine.” Available online: http://ivinas.gov.ua/uk/publikatsiji/novi-vydannia-instytutu/ukrainakytai-258786887.html

White Paper China’s Space Edition (2000) Available online: http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6758824/n6758845/c6772480/content.html

White Paper China’s Space (2011) Available online: http://english.www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2014/09/09/content_281474986284620.htm

White Paper China Aerospace (2016) Available online: http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6758824/n6758845/c6772477/content.html

Xiaodan, Wu (2018) China’s Space Law: Rushing to the Finish Line of its Marathon. Elsevier. Volume 46: 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2018.03.004

Xiaofang, Zhang (2011) The US has consistently rejected China’s participation in the International Space Station program. Available online: https://china.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnJswVW

Yeshchuk, Olga, and Anna Vasina (2019) Chinese Space Law: Problems and Areas of Reforming. Advanced Space Law, Volume 3, 140-150. https://doi.org/10.29202/asl/2019/3/12

Zhenjun, Zhang (2014) Reflections on Promoting the Rule of Law in China’s Space Industry. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition). Available online: http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-BLDS201405019.htm

Zhuravlov, Dmytro, and Andrii Halunko (2019) Features of Legal Support of Space Activities in Ukraine. Advanced Space Law, Volume 4, 116-124. https://doi.org/10.29202/asl/2019/4/11

Share and Cite

Ma, Bo, and Larysa Soroka (2020) The Cooperation between China and Ukraine in Space Exploration: Genesis and Development. Advanced Space Law, Volume 5, 58-70. https://doi.org/10.29202/asl/2020/5/6

Back to the list of Articles